Noise, vibration and harshness – usually shortened to NVH – is a term used by engineers relating to the refinement of a vehicle.

First coined by Ford engineers in the 1950s, NVH is now a generic term to describe the main elements contributing to the refinement of a vehicle. This includes:

  • engine, wind and road noise
  • engine vibration characteristics
  • resonance within the cabin (which is related to the size of the cabin, its construction and the use of anti-resonance measures on specific panels)
  • suspension springing and damping
  • noise insulation

Negative lift is an aerodynamic force in a downward direction - the opposite of lift.

Negative lift is often called downforce.

A normally aspirated engine is one with no form of forced induction - it is not turbocharged or supercharged.

Because a normally aspirated engine relies on atmospheric pressure to supply intake air, rather than high pressure air generated by a turbocharger or supercharger, these engines are sometimes called atmospheric or 'atmo' engines.

NCAP New Car Assessment Program(me)

NEDC New European Driving Cycle

Nm Newton metre – torque unit

NO Nitric oxide

NO2 Nitrogen dioxide

N2O Nitrous oxide

NOx Oxides of nitrogen

NTSB National Transportation Safety Board (US)

NVH Noise, vibration and harshness

NOx is the term used for emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2) from an internal combustion engine.

NOx reacts with airborne oxygen and moisture to produce smog and acid rain.

NOx emissions go up when combustion temperature is high. Using exhaust gas recirculation can reduce combustion temperatures and hence reduce NOx emissions.